> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.blockdb.io/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Function Results

> Read cached function execution outputs enriched with traces and gas usage.

## Overview

* **Dataset ID:** [`0122 - Function Results`](/data-catalog/evm/primitives/function-results)
* **Description:** On-chain function call return values versioned by block. Uses `contract_id` (26 bytes) to support metamorphic contracts; primary key is `(contract_id, block_number, call_data)`.
* **CSV Sample:** [Download](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BlockDB/Raw-Function-Results-Ethereum-And-EVM-Cryptocurrency-Data/resolve/main/data/blockdb_evm.b0122_function_results_v1.csv?download=true)
* **JSON Sample:** [Download](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BlockDB/Raw-Function-Results-Ethereum-And-EVM-Cryptocurrency-Data/resolve/main/data/blockdb_evm.b0122_function_results_v1.json?download=true)

## Parameters

<ParamField body="chain_id" type="number" required>
  Target EVM network. *See the [Chain](/api-reference/enumerations/chain) enumeration for supported values.*
</ParamField>

#### Range Filters (mutually exclusive)

<ParamField body="from_block" type="number">
  Starting block number (inclusive) for the query. Use with `to_block`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="to_block" type="number">
  Ending block number (inclusive) for the query. Use with `from_block`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="from_timestamp" type="string">
  Starting timestamp (ISO-8601). If it falls between blocks, the next block after this timestamp is used. Use with `to_timestamp`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="to_timestamp" type="string">
  Ending timestamp (ISO-8601). If it falls between blocks, the last block before this timestamp is used. Use with `from_timestamp`.
</ParamField>

<Warning>
  Validation rule:\
  Every request must include a **bounding window** — either a block range (`from_block`/`to_block`) or a time range (`from_timestamp`/`to_timestamp`). The two ranges are mutually exclusive.\
  `contract_addresses` and `signature_hashes` are **refinement filters only** and must be combined with a block or time range; they cannot be used on their own. function\_results is a very large partitioned table, and selectors are low-selectivity (a single hot selector such as `transfer()` matches a huge fraction of rows), so an unbounded selector scan would time out.\
  Providing no bounding window results in HTTP 400.
</Warning>

#### Refinement Filters

<ParamField body="contract_addresses" type="string[]">
  Filter by 20-byte contract addresses (hex string, no `0x` prefix). Resolved to matching `contract_id` incarnations. Up to 256 entries. Requires a block or time range.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="signature_hashes" type="string[]">
  4-byte function selectors (8 hex characters, no `0x` prefix). Use to scope calls to specific function signatures. Requires a block or time range.
</ParamField>

#### Pagination Controls

<ParamField body="limit" type="number" default="250">
  Recommended default `250`; maximum `1000` to stay under \~10 MB responses.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="cursor" type="string">
  Opaque pagination cursor returned from a prior call.
</ParamField>

## Response Fields

#### Meta

<ResponseField name="meta" type="object">
  Echo of request metadata applied to the response.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="meta.chain_id" type="number">
  EVM chain ID echoed from the request.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="meta.request_window" type="object">
  Pure echo of the window you sent (`from_block`/`to_block`/`from_timestamp`/`to_timestamp`); unset bounds are `null`.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="meta.resolved_window" type="object | null">
  The concrete window the query actually executed against, after resolving the request. For a **block range** on a time-bucketed endpoint (OHLC/VWAP/VWAP-aggregate/fiat VWAP), `from_timestamp`/`to_timestamp` hold the resolved timestamp window (and `from_block`/`to_block` echo your request). For a **time range** on a block-keyed endpoint, `from_block`/`to_block` hold the resolved block range (and the timestamps echo your request). `null` for selector-only requests (no window). No extra database work is done — these are the values the query already computed.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="meta.resolved_window.from_block" type="number | null">
  Resolved/echoed start block of the executed window.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="meta.resolved_window.to_block" type="number | null">
  Resolved/echoed end block of the executed window.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="meta.resolved_window.from_timestamp" type="string | null">
  Resolved/echoed start timestamp (ISO-8601) of the executed window.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="meta.resolved_window.to_timestamp" type="string | null">
  Resolved/echoed end timestamp (ISO-8601) of the executed window.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="meta.filters" type="object">
  Filters echoed from the request (contract addresses, signature hashes, latest\_only, limit).
</ResponseField>

#### Data

<ResponseField name="data" type="object[]">
  Function result records ordered by `(contract_id, block_number DESC)` unless `latest_only` is `true`. Each row matches the linked dataset; the first 20 bytes of `contract_id` are the deployed address — there is no separate `contract_address` field in the payload.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data.contract_id" type="string">
  Contract incarnation ID (hex string, 26 bytes, no `0x` prefix): 20 bytes address + 4 bytes creation block + 2 bytes tx index. Use to join with contracts or for metamorphic disambiguation.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data.block_number" type="number">
  Snapshot block height when the value was observed.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data.block_time" type="string">
  Block time for the snapshot (ISO-8601).
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data.call_data" type="string">
  Hex-encoded calldata sent to the contract. For simple getter functions, this is usually just the selector.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data.signature_hash" type="string">
  4-byte function selector (hex).
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data.result" type="string | null">
  Hex-encoded return payload, or `null`. Decode using the ABI corresponding to `signature_hash`.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data.timestamp_utc" type="string">
  Observation timestamp (ISO-8601), aligned with the snapshot.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data._tracing_id" type="string">
  Internal lineage identifier (hex string, no `0x` prefix) for cross-referencing with lineage endpoints.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data._created_at" type="string">
  Record creation timestamp (ISO-8601).
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="data._updated_at" type="string">
  Record last update timestamp (ISO-8601).
</ResponseField>

#### Envelope Fields

<ResponseField name="cursor" type="string | null">
  Pagination cursor to continue the query.
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="page_count" type="number">
  Number of records returned in this page.
</ResponseField>

## Use Cases

* Refresh oracle or configuration caches with latest per-block values.
* Detect contract parameter changes by diffing consecutive results.
* Seed lineage exploration by pairing selectors with their upstream transactions and logs.

<RequestExample>
  ```bash cURL theme={null}
  curl -X POST "https://api.blockdb.io/v1/evm/raw/function-results" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $BLOCKDB_API_KEY" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
    "chain_id": 1,
    "contract_addresses": [
      "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"
    ],
    "signature_hashes": [
      "0902f1ac"
    ],
    "from_block": 18934000,
    "to_block": 18935000,
    "from_timestamp": null,
    "to_timestamp": null,
    "latest_only": false,
    "limit": 200,
    "cursor": null
  }'
  ```

  ```c C theme={null}
  #include <curl/curl.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>

  int main(void) {
      CURL *curl = curl_easy_init();
      if (!curl) return 1;

      const char *token = getenv("BLOCKDB_API_KEY");
      char auth_header[256];
      snprintf(auth_header, sizeof(auth_header), "Authorization: Bearer %s", token ? token : "");
      const char *payload = "{\"chain_id\":1,\"contract_addresses\":[\"1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678\"],\"signature_hashes\":[\"0902f1ac\"],\"from_block\":18934000,\"to_block\":18935000,\"from_timestamp\":null,\"to_timestamp\":null,\"latest_only\":false,\"limit\":200,\"cursor\":null}";

      struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
      headers = curl_slist_append(headers, auth_header);
      headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Content-Type: application/json");


      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://api.blockdb.io/v1/evm/raw/function-results");
      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, payload);


      CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl);

      curl_slist_free_all(headers);
      curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
      return res == CURLE_OK ? 0 : 1;
  }
  ```

  ```csharp .NET theme={null}
  using System;
  using System.Net.Http;
  using System.Net.Http.Headers;
  using System.Text;
  using System.Threading.Tasks;

  class Program
  {
      static async Task Main()
      {
          using var client = new HttpClient();
          client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization =
              new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("BLOCKDB_API_KEY"));

          var payload = new StringContent(
              "{\"chain_id\":1,\"contract_addresses\":[\"1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678\"],\"signature_hashes\":[\"0902f1ac\"],\"from_block\":18934000,\"to_block\":18935000,\"from_timestamp\":null,\"to_timestamp\":null,\"latest_only\":false,\"limit\":200,\"cursor\":null}",
              Encoding.UTF8,
              "application/json"
          );

          var response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.blockdb.io/v1/evm/raw/function-results", payload);
          response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

          var body = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
          Console.WriteLine(body);
      }
  }
  ```

  ```python Python theme={null}
  import os
  import requests

  response = requests.post(
      "https://api.blockdb.io/v1/evm/raw/function-results",
      headers={
          "Authorization": f"Bearer {os.getenv('BLOCKDB_API_KEY')}",
          "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      json={'chain_id': 1,
   'contract_addresses': ['1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678'],
   'cursor': None,
   'from_block': 18934000,
   'from_timestamp': None,
   'latest_only': False,
   'limit': 200,
   'signature_hashes': ['0902f1ac'],
   'to_block': 18935000,
   'to_timestamp': None}
  )

  data = response.json()
  print(data)
  ```

  ```javascript Node.js theme={null}
  const response = await fetch("https://api.blockdb.io/v1/evm/raw/function-results", {
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
      "Authorization": `Bearer ${process.env.BLOCKDB_API_KEY}`,
      "Content-Type": "application/json"
    },
    body: JSON.stringify({
    "chain_id": 1,
    "contract_addresses": [
      "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"
    ],
    "signature_hashes": [
      "0902f1ac"
    ],
    "from_block": 18934000,
    "to_block": 18935000,
    "from_timestamp": null,
    "to_timestamp": null,
    "latest_only": false,
    "limit": 200,
    "cursor": null
  })
  });

  const data = await response.json();
  console.log(data);
  ```

  ```go Go theme={null}
  package main

  import (
      "fmt"
      "net/http"
      "os"
      "strings"
  )

  func main() {
      payload := strings.NewReader(`{
    "chain_id": 1,
    "contract_addresses": [
      "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"
    ],
    "signature_hashes": [
      "0902f1ac"
    ],
    "from_block": 18934000,
    "to_block": 18935000,
    "from_timestamp": null,
    "to_timestamp": null,
    "latest_only": false,
    "limit": 200,
    "cursor": null
  }`)

      req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.blockdb.io/v1/evm/raw/function-results", payload)
      req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", os.Getenv("BLOCKDB_API_KEY")))
      req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

      client := &http.Client{}
      resp, _ := client.Do(req)
      defer resp.Body.Close()

      // Handle response
  }
  ```
</RequestExample>

<ResponseExample>
  ```json 200 theme={null}
  {
    "meta": {
      "chain_id": 1,
      "request_window": {
        "from_block": 18934000,
        "to_block": 18935000,
        "from_timestamp": null,
        "to_timestamp": null
      },
      "resolved_window": {
        "from_block": 18934000,
        "to_block": 18935000,
        "from_timestamp": null,
        "to_timestamp": null
      },
      "filters": {
        "contract_addresses": [
          "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"
        ],
        "signature_hashes": [
          "0902f1ac"
        ],
        "latest_only": false
      }
    },
    "data": [
      {
        "contract_id": "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567800121a0700",
        "block_number": 18934560,
        "block_time": "2024-04-01T12:34:56.000Z",
        "call_data": "0902f1ac",
        "signature_hash": "0902f1ac",
        "result": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000",
        "timestamp_utc": "2024-04-01T12:34:56.000Z",
        "_tracing_id": "0122000000000000000000000000000000000001",
        "_created_at": "2025-11-11T18:42:15.123Z",
        "_updated_at": "2025-11-11T18:42:15.123Z"
      }
    ],
    "cursor": null,
    "page_count": 1
  }
  ```

  ```json 400 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "BAD_REQUEST",
      "http_status": 400,
      "message": "The request contains invalid or missing parameters.",
      "hint": "Validate all required parameters against the endpoint specification before retrying.",
      "severity": "error",
      "retryable": false,
      "details": {
        "invalid_parameters": [
          {
            "name": "chain_id",
            "location": "query",
            "reason": "missing",
            "expected": "positive integer, e.g. 1"
          },
          {
            "name": "from_timestamp",
            "location": "query",
            "reason": "invalid_format",
            "expected": "ISO-8601 UTC timestamp, e.g. 2025-11-11T00:00:00Z"
          }
        ]
      },
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/home"
    }
  }
  ```

  ```json 401 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "UNAUTHORIZED",
      "http_status": 401,
      "message": "Invalid or missing API key.",
      "hint": "Ensure you send 'Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>' in every request to this endpoint.",
      "severity": "error",
      "retryable": false,
      "details": {
        "auth_scheme": "bearer",
        "expected_header": "Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>",
        "provided_header": "Authorization: <REDACTED_OR_MISSING>",
        "token_status": "invalid_or_missing",
        "recommendation": "Regenerate the API key if you suspect it is expired or compromised."
      },
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/authorization"
    }
  }
  ```

  ```json 403 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "FORBIDDEN",
      "http_status": 403,
      "message": "Your API key does not have permission to access this endpoint.",
      "hint": "Upgrade your subscription tier or request additional access.",
      "severity": "warning",
      "retryable": false,
      "details": {
        "required_plan": "production",
        "your_plan": null,
        "contact": "support@blockdb.io",
        "recommendation": "Contact BlockDB Support Team via email support@blockdb.io."
      },
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/error-codes"
    }
  }
  ```

  ```json 404 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "NOT_FOUND",
      "http_status": 404,
      "message": "The requested resource does not exist.",
      "hint": "Verify the API endpoint",
      "severity": "warning",
      "retryable": false,
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/error-codes"
    }
  }
  ```

  ```json 413 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE",
      "http_status": 413,
      "message": "The requested response exceeds the maximum allowed size of 10 MB.",
      "hint": "Reduce the limit, narrow the block or time window, or apply additional filters before retrying.",
      "details": {
        "max_allowed_bytes": 10485760,
        "estimated_response_bytes": 15360000,
        "recommended_actions": [
          "Decrease the 'limit' parameter value",
          "Shorten the block range or time window",
          "Filter by fewer pools or exchanges"
        ]
      },
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/pagination-and-limits"
    }
  }
  ```

  ```json 422 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "CHAIN_NOT_SUPPORTED",
      "http_status": 422,
      "message": "chain_id=137 is not supported.",
      "hint": "Use a supported chain_id. Consult the documentation for the list of available chains.",
      "severity": "error",
      "retryable": false,
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/error-codes"
    }
  }
  ```

  ```json 429 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED",
      "http_status": 429,
      "message": "You have exceeded the allowed request rate.",
      "hint": "Introduce client-side throttling or exponential backoff and respect the retry_after_seconds value.",
      "details": {
        "limit_rps": 1000, # configured rate limit
        "current_estimated_rps": 73,
        "retry_after_seconds": 2,
        "limit_scope": "api_key",
        "limit_window_seconds": 1
      },
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/rate-limiting"
    }
  }
  ```

  ```json 500 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
      "http_status": 500,
      "message": "An unexpected server error occurred.",
      "hint": "This error is not caused by your request. You may retry after a short delay.",
      "severity": "critical",
      "retryable": true,
      "details": {
        "incident_id": "INC-2025-11-11-123456",
        "temporary_issue": true,
        "expected_recovery_seconds": 5
      },
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/error-codes"
    }
  }
  ```

  ```json 503 theme={null}
  {
    "error": {
      "code": "SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE",
      "http_status": 503,
      "message": "The service is temporarily unable to handle the request.",
      "hint": "The database connection pool is briefly saturated. Retry after a short delay.",
      "severity": "warning",
      "retryable": true,
      "details": null,
      "docs_url": "https://docs.blockdb.io/api-reference/overview/error-codes"
    }
  }
  ```
</ResponseExample>